Modal logics and philosophy request pdf researchgate. The backbone of this seminar will be classical firstorder predicate logic. Hence, logic is usually considered a subdivision of epistemology, although, of course, logic is used in all areas of philosophy. It covers i basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, ii extensions of standard logic such as modal logic that are important in philosophy, and iii some elementary philosophy of logic. Modal logics and philosophy rod girle free ebook download as pdf file. Modal logic and its semantics also raise many puzzles. Encyclopedia of philosophy ballarin, 2008 plus the chapter logic in philosophy by j. The other is to give a detailed survey of the large variety of modal logic systems found in the literature, with an eye to both their formal properties consistency, completeness and their philosophi.
A definition of logic as a field of philosophy, as well as several types of logic studied in philosophy, including second order logic, nonclassical logic, and modal logic. Moreover, modal logic has become increasingly important with the use of the concept of possible worlds in these areas. Pdf modality and modal logic in medieval philosophy. The concept of form 301 sentences and sentential forms in a logic 301 the relationship between sentences and sentenceforms 302 7. It provides an accessible yet technically sound treatment of modal logic and its philosophical applications. Download book a new introduction to modal logic in pdf format.
Choose from 500 different sets of midterm philosophy intro logic flashcards on quizlet. Metaphysical philosophy logic was the study of existence, causation, god, logic, forms and other abstract objects meta ta physika lit. I do not plan to talk about 1 modal logic, or 2 probability theory, simply because the scope must be restricted in some way, and each of those topics is too big for us to cover. Logical philosophy of science princeton university. Assignments modal logic linguistics and philosophy. Lecture notes modal logic linguistics and philosophy. Dialogical logic internet encyclopedia of philosophy. The main objective is that students should be able to confidently apply techniques from modal logic to problems in their area of research. An introduction to modal logic 2009 formosan summer school on logic, language, and computation. Modal logic linguistics and philosophy mit opencourseware. With more than 2,200 courses available, ocw is delivering on the promise of open sharing of knowledge. What is the most famous book on philosophical logic. Master in logic and philosophy of science munich center.
Leaving aside the issue of the definition of philosophical logic, i think that the most famous book about it is the. Logic for computer science steve reeves and mike clarke department of computer science. Watch part 1 of our discussion on david lewis modal realism to find out. Natural philosophy has split into the various natural sciences, especially astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, and.
What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of spacetime for space and time. Every effort has been made to simplify the presentation by using diagrams in place of more complex mathematical apparatus. A statement in modal logic that is possible is said to be true in at least one possible world. Modal logic for philosophers designed for use by philosophy students, this book provides an accessible yet technically sound treatment of modal logic and its philosophical applications. Questions like those raise deep issues about both the nature of being and its logical relations with contingency and change. This chapter discusses the historical heartland of philosophical modal logic namely. The method of analysis 180 the objects of philosophical analysis 180 three levels of analysis 181 the idea of a complete analysis 183 the need for a further kind of analysis 184 possibleworlds analysis 185 degrees of analytical knowledge 187 3. It prepares students to read the logically sophisticated articles in todays philosophy journals, and helps them resist bullying by symbolmongerers. Philosophy of logic philosophy of logic features and problems of logic. Van benthem 2010 is a textbook in modal logic with the same broad thrust. It forms the fabric of the sciences by ensuring the consistency of the statements that compose them.
There has been much philosophical discussion of whether endorsement of the kripke semantics brings ontological commitment to possible loglc. The primary goal is to provide students in philosophy 151 at stanford university with a study guide that will complement the lectures on modal logic. Notes on modal logic notes for philosophy 151 eric pacuit january 28, 2009 these short notes are intended to supplement the lectures and text ntroduce some of the basic concepts of modal logic. Modal logic as metaphysics hardcover timothy williamson. Modal logic, philosophy society and department of philosophy, university of uppsala.
Or, at least, this is a thesis we try to defend in this chapter. Other chapters have been revised and updated, making the second edition a fully comprehensive introduction to modal logics and their application. A semantics for modal logic was first introduced in the late1950s work of saul kripke and his colleagues. Does the use of modal logic involve a commitment to essentialism. As a mature adult it has moved out of the parental home and is nowadays straying far from its parent. Researchers in areas ranging from economics to computational linguistics have since realised its worth. Introduction to logic o sets, relations, and arguments volker halbach pure logic is the ruin of the spirit. The meaning of each logical constant such as and, or, implies, not, every, and so. You should know what it is, but we will learn the metatheoretical results along the way. You can read online a new introduction to modal logic here in pdf, epub, mobi or docx formats.
Depending on time, we will discuss some of the following. Modal logics and philosophy rod girle logic formalism. The philosophy of logical analysis natural thinker. This chapter discusses the historical heartland of philosophical modal logic namely, the scope and limitations of modal logic as an account of necessity and possibility. Modal logic is a type of formal logic primarily developed in the 1960s that extends classical propositional and predicate logic to include operators expressing modality. Modal logic is the logic of necessity and possibility, and by extension of analogously paired notions like validity and consistency, obligation and permission, the known and the notruledout.
Modal logic is, strictly speaking, the study of the deductive behavior of the expressions it is necessary that and it is possible that. Unlike most modal logic textbooks, which are both forbidding mathematically and short on philosophical discussion, modal logics and philosophy focuses on showing how useful modal logic can be as a tool for formal philosophical analysis. Van benthems manual of intensional logic van benthem, 1988a extends the canvas to linguistics and computer science, while the editorial introduction to the 2006 handbook of modal logic blackburn et al. Students will come away from this course with a working knowledge of modal logic and its use in philosophy, computer science and game theory. Logic and the philosophy of science princeton university. A modal a word that expresses a modalityqualifies a statement. Pdf modal logic was born in philosophy, and has travelled widely. Modal logic is an extension of classic propositional and predicate logic that allows the use of modal operators. A philosophical conception of propositional modal logic the. A touchstone for analytic philosophers and other kinds of ponytailed pedants. An introduction to modal logic 2009 formosan summer school on logic, language, and computation 29 june10 july, 2009. Finally, the last objection to the claim that classical logic is the one right logic is that logics is not reasoningguiding, and so there is no one right logic. In most areas of human endeavor, people give reasons why we should accept certain views and reject others.
From that point of view, modal logic and other related variants are clearly more a part of logic than set theory, which broadens the definition of the field to look within properties and definitions and model parts of their potential domains of references. Are there such things as merely possible people, who would have lived if our ancestors had acted differently. Arguments whose understanding depends on some fundamental knowledge of modal logic have always been important in philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and epistemology. A solid background in firstorder logic is essential. Classic logic is great for mathematics, but for the analysis of daily language and arguments, it lacks certain operators. From this groundwork, the theory of possible worlds became a central part of. Introduction to logic o sets, relations, and arguments. Mit opencourseware makes the materials used in the teaching of almost all of mits subjects available on the web, free of charge. Twodimensional modal logic answers and hints references index. Why were you initially drawn to the philosophy of logic. Prerequisites philosophy 110 introduction to logic or permission of the instructor. Introduction in this article, we canvass a few of the interesting topics that philosophers. My aim in this paper is to map out the surrounding territory and to commence that investigation. How can an individual exist in many different possible.
The other is to give a detailed survey of the large variety of modal logic systems found in the litera. Dialogical logic is an approach to logic in which the meaning of the logical constants connectives and quantifiers and the notion of validity are explained in gametheoretic terms. Advanced truthtable techniques 294 corrected truthtables 294 reduced truthtables 297 6. Classical logic stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Philosophical logic logic exercises and philosophy tasks. Philosophy is about, or at least what people think its about. Are there future people, who have not yet been conceived. The polytheistic approach to modal logics alethic modal logic. Megarian school of philosophy what happenswasnecessarily going to happen. For the purpose of clarifying logical truth and hence the concept of logic itself, a tool that has turned out to be more important than the idea of logical form is logical semantics, sometimes also known as model theory. Modal logics and philosophy the new edition of this widely used and respected textbook includes three new chapters on conditional logic.
Are there any possible things that do not exist and what could that mean anyway. Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy of logical analysis. Our master ma program in logic and philosophy of science was founded in october 2012. A modal is an expression like necessarily or possibly that is used to qualify the truth of a judgement. Philosophical analyses in terms of possible worlds were provided for many concepts of central philosophical importance. For example, the statement john is happy might be qualified by saying that john is usually happy, in which case the term usually is functioning as a modal.
This is an advanced 2001 textbook on modal logic, a field which caught the attention of computer scientists in the late 1970s. Modal logic was born in philosophy, and has travelled widely. Unlike most modal logic textbooks, which are both forbidding mathematically and short on philosophical discussion, modal logics and philosophy focuses on showing how useful modal logic can be as a tool for formal. Download pdf a new introduction to modal logic free. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Modal logic, philosophical issues in routledge encyclopedia.
Suffice it to say that, though classical logic has traditionally been thought of as the one right logic, this is not accepted by everyone. However, the term modal logic is often used to include other extensions, for instance temporal logic, that allows for the expression of past or future truths. Garson is a professor in the department of philosophy at the university of houston. Philosophy of logic features and problems of logic. This book is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. Basic concepts in modal logic1 stanford university. In part 1, the reader is introduced to some standard systems of modal logic and provided with a series of. Learn midterm philosophy intro logic with free interactive flashcards. The logic exercises generally ask you to construct formal or informal proofs. His research interests include logic, especially modal logic, the philosophy of mind, neural networks, formal semantics, natural language processing and philosophical issues concerning the impact of information technology. Modal logic is at work in many disciplines beyond philosophy, as one can see in the 2006 handbook of modal logic or the conference series advances in modal logic. Every effort is made to simplify the presentation by using diagrams instead of more complex mathematical apparatus. The chellas text in uenced me the most, though the order of presentation is inspired more by goldblatt. Modal logic for philosophers second edition t his book on modal logic is especially designed for philosophy students.
But more specifically, we can divide philosophy into major groups of questions that we can call the subdisciplines of. What we can glean from these definitions is that philosophy is a kind of conversation about important questions, much of which is focused on human existence. Modality and modal logic in medieval philosophy, university of western ontario. Modal logic, philosophy society and department of philosophy, university of uppsala, vol. In the second period philosophers inspired by the success of possible worlds modal logic and philosophy 1155 semantics came to take the notion of a. The first is analytic philosophy and philosophical logic in the angloamerican vein. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Revealing modal status and modal relations 279 modal status 279 modal relations 284 deductive validity 290 5. What does it mean to say something might have been true.
His 1951 books, an essay in modal logic and deontic logic, were landmarks in the postwar rise of formal modal logic and its deontic version. Modal logic and philosophy 1151 semantics came to take the notion of a possible world seriously as a tool for philosophical analysis. This book presupposes that readers know the attractions and power of this approach, including the notions of logical syntax, semantics, proof, and metatheory of formal systems. Modal logics and philosophy, second edition 9780773536531.
I was an undergraduate in both mathematics and philosophy at the university of keele in the 1960s. The indispensability of modal concepts within propositional logics 218. Girle and others published modal logics and philosophy find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. How do we tell what is possible and what is necessary. This chapter discusses the historical heartland of philosophical modal logicnamely, the scope and limitations of modal logic as an account of necessity and possibility. Please refer to the assigned text for homework assignments and the take home final. The blackwell philosophy and popculture series series editor william irwin a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down, and a healthy helping of popular culture clears the cobwebs from kant. Philosophy of logic, logic, philosophy of education, pluralism, dogmatism, misconceptions.
He was an authority on wittgenstein, editing his later works. We studied a little logic in both subjects, but there was barely any attempt to connect logic with philosophybut one course in philosophy of. Modal logics and philosophy pdf free download epdf. One is to explain what modal logic is, and how it is done. An understanding of logic, or critical reasoning, is not valuable only for the study of philosophy. Modal logic is the study of modal propositions and the logical relationships that they bear to one another. This essay explains basic modal concepts, illustrates some different kinds of possibility and necessity, and briefly explains how we try to identify whether a modal claim is true or false. We can also show though i will do no more than sketch the main idea. From a philosophical point of view, however, this traditional concep tion of propositional modal logic has some unsatisfactory.
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